The short story “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been” by Joyce Carol Oates is a haunting tale of a teenage girl named Connie who is lured away from her home by a mysterious man named Arnold Friend. The story is full of symbolism that adds depth and meaning to the narrative.

The Music

One of the most prominent symbols in the story is the music that Connie listens to. The music represents her desire for freedom and escape from her mundane life. It also represents the danger that she is in, as the music is often associated with Arnold Friend and his sinister intentions.

The Numbers

The numbers that Arnold Friend uses to intimidate Connie are also symbolic. The number “33” is a reference to the age of Christ at the time of his crucifixion, and represents the idea of sacrifice. The number “19” is a reference to the year of Connie’s birth, and represents her youth and vulnerability.

The Car

The car that Arnold Friend drives is also symbolic. It represents his power and control over Connie, as well as his ability to take her away from her safe and familiar world. The car is also a symbol of the American Dream, as it represents the freedom and mobility that is so often associated with that ideal.

The Name

The name “Arnold Friend” is also symbolic. The word “friend” suggests that he is someone who is trustworthy and kind, but the name “Arnold” is associated with the word “arnica,” which is a plant that is used to treat bruises and injuries. This suggests that Arnold Friend is not who he appears to be, and that he is actually a dangerous and violent person.

Conclusion

The symbolism in “Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been” adds depth and complexity to the story. It helps to create a sense of unease and tension, and it also helps to convey the themes of freedom, power, and control. By understanding the symbolism in the story, readers can gain a deeper appreciation for the narrative and the characters.